Facial Trauma Among Patients With Head Injuries

nervus nervus facialisis Trauma Among Patients With head word Injuries seventh cranial nerve Trauma among patient roles with bye injuries Dr. Shazia Yasir*, Dr. Faisal Moin, Dr. Muneer SadiqABSTRACTIntroduction Facial injury is without a doubt a close to challenging ara for any hand brake physician. Despite many researches and advances in the understanding of multiple techniques initial opinion and man epochment of facial injuries in emergency and early st get ons remained a convoluted area for patient care.Objective The purpose of this believe is to determine the preponderance of facial scathe among patients with head injuries that may help emergency segment physicians to deliver accurate and quick diagnosis and decision. Trauma to this region is a lot abetter _or_ abettord with mortality and morbidity and varying degree of physical and functional dam get along. domain Design Prospective Cross- sectional Descriptive nurture.Place and Duration of Study Department of Emergency medication, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi from four months from Feb 2014 to May 2014.Methodology This register was conducted at Ziauddin university hospital emergence medicine discussion section. It is a prospective cross sectional descriptive hospital based reflect. cxv patients who were diagnosed of having head injuries were included in this choose. Information on age, sex and pass water of injury was taken for severally case. Each patient was wherefore examined for the presence of facial impairment victimization the CT 3D face. Data was analyzed using the SPSS broadcast.Result let on of 115 patients, 85 (74%) were phallics and 30 (26%) were fe manlikes. A sum of 59 (51%) patients were surrounded by 15 30 socio-economic classs of age 26 (23%) were aged surrounded by 31 50 and 30 (26%) were above 51 years of age.76% patients had facial injury where head injuries were evident. 63% female and 80% male had facial trauma where head injuries were as semble in patients. break of these 115 patients majority were involved in road vocation haps and are from the age chemical congregation 15 30 and predominantly male.Conclusion Based on the study conducted it is safe to conclude that patients who commit facial trauma associate with head injuries are young males and is mainly crapd by road work accident. The result might vary by governmental, culture or mixer differences.Key words Facial Trauma Head Injuries emergency department_____________________________________________________________________________________________INTRODUCTIONTrauma is a type of injury where external puff is being applied suddenly and violently at the body which rationalitys a serious injury 1. A head injury in homosexual body is any trauma that can cause injury of scalps, virtuoso or skull. The injury could be a minor bruise or serious injury on the head and disposition injury 2. slightly injuries can result in prolonged or unrecoverable brain d amage. The injury can cause bleeding inside the brain or forces that damages the brain estimately. The most common cause of head injuries are road traffic accidents, release, physical assault or separatewises. These accidents can excrete at home, work, outdoors, sports or many other places.Head injuries are commonly associated with facial trauma often result from high energy muffle force injury to facial skeleton. Typical mechanisms of trauma include aim vehicle accidents, altercation and fall 3.-PG Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ziauddin University Hospital, mating Campus, Karachi* Correspondence Email emailprotectedThe face is vital to human appearance and function. Facial injuries can impair a patients ability to eat, speak, interact with others, and perform other important functions. Facial injuries may be caused by a direct blow, penetrating injury, or fall. Pain may be sudden and severe. injure and swelling may develop soon after the injury 11. methodologyThis study was carried out at the department of emergency medicine, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Patients of either sex with more than 15 years of age presenting to Ziauddin Hospital Karachi who were diagnosed of having head injuries were selected.Patients who gave the accounting of previous head trauma were not included in this study, this aimed at avoiding some ambiguity during examination as to whether the encountered trauma was the result of the upstart head injury or previous underlying trauma.Each patient was then examined for the presence of facial trauma, using 3D CT scan. A 3D CT scan, or a three-dimensional computerized tomography scan, is a type of x-ray that allows high quality images of organs, blood vessels, and bones to be recorded in a very short amount of time. The separate CT images are then layered together to form a virtual model of the body. It is able to reveal the functionality of many of the anatomical structures in the bod y, in addition to structural defects, tumors, and lesions 12.The obtained data was checked for completeness and clarity then entered into the computer and analysis was performed using Statistical package for loving sciences program (SPSS). Chi square test (X2) will be carried out and square level pRESULTA Total of 115 patients with head trauma were included in the study. The gender distribution of the study community is as shown in tabulate 1 below. plank 1- in that respect were 85 (74%) males and 30 (26%) females.The age distribution of the study population is as shown in Table 2 below.Table 2- There were 59 (51%) cases surrounded by ages 15 30, 26 (23%) cases with ages from 31 50 years males and 30 (26%) with age over 51 years old.The presence of facial trauma gibe to gender is shows in table 3. Out of 115 patients monitored, 19 female have facial trauma out of 30 which contain of 63% female, while 68 male patients have facial trauma with head injuries out of 85 which ma ke 80% of male population. The total of 76% patients has facial injuries where head injuries were evident.Table 3- Presence of facial trauma gibe to genderThe presence of facial trauma according to age is shows in table 4 along with graphical representation. Out of 115 patients monitored, 59 patients were between ages 15 30. From these 59 patients 51 have facial trauma where head injuries were evident, this make 86% of the population.The patients between 31 50 years of ages were 26, where only 14 were found to have facial trauma which makes 54% of the population.The patients over 51 years of age were 30 where 22 were found to have facial trauma which makes 73% of the population.Table 4- Presence of facial trauma according to ageTable 5 shows prevalence of facial trauma by gender according to the causes of injuries. Out of 87 patients where facial trauma was also observed 11% female had it because of road traffic accident comparing to 39% male. locate in female was 9% comparing to 17% male no assault in female was observed while 14% male had facial trauma during assault.Table 6 below shows the enlarges of prevalence of facial trauma by age according to cause of injury. The detail shows higher hail of road traffic accident, followed by fall, assault and other causes of injuries.DISCUSSIONHead injuries causes hospitalization of 200 300 patients per 100,000 population per year beingwide. A head injury associated with facial trauma comprises a number of complications, such as sequestrum formation, sinusitis, nasolacrimal duct injuries, facial deformity and injury to or entrapment of the testis. Trauma is very well known to be the main cause of death in first forty years of life. Facial trauma can be very dangerous as this could impact the intrinsic parts of the body like speech, respiration, vision or smell so special attentions and importance should be attached to facial trauma patients 13.An international study was done in France to determine the typ es of facial injuries 25.4% of the injuries were aged between 21 30 years. Sex ratio was 2.7M/1F. The most frequent cause was sports injuries (25.8%) followed in decreased order by traffic injuries (23.1%) home injuries (17.6%) labor injuries (3.4%) work injuries (3.4%) and dog bite (3.2%) 4.Multiple studies conducted that amongst facial trauma the most common sites are nose (50%) 6 and maxillofacial trauma (5%) 5. In this study 115 patients with head trauma were included with sex ration of 2.8M / 1F which seems to be consistent with previous studies done in different part of the globe 8, 10, 7. The findings in this study also revealed the most common involving age free radical was 15 30 years of age which constituted 51% as compared to other age groups. This finding is the same as that done in Nigeria and others in 2010 42. The reason for high prevalence of head and facial trauma to this age group (15 30 years) as compared to other age group could be related to activities of t his age group in economic and social activities which lead to increase in accidents and violence.In this study it was also found that male are slightly more involved as compared to females where by 74% were male patients and 26% were female patients. The most common cause of facial trauma is to be road traffic accidents which involve aim cycle car and pedestrian while the second most is fall from height. This was similar to previous findings in other studies which shows most common etiologies of injuries were car crash (39%) followed by assaults (28%) with majority are male with age group 15 30 years 9. Observations from multiple studies of different part of the world shows that leading cause of facial trauma associated with head injuries is road traffic accident followed by fall and assault. Based on the study rule and area each study has its precise section of dominance.CONCLUSIONThis study concludes the prevalence of facial trauma associated with head injuries was 76% and high er age group is 15 30 years with 51% than other age group and prevalence of male 59% than female 16% had facial trauma where head injuries were eminent. The common cause is road traffic accident 50% followed by fall 26%, assault 13.7% and others were 9%. react FOR THE STUDYAll patients or relatives were given a necessary exposition about the study before they asked to participate.For those patients who were unconscious, consents were obtained from their relatives.For patients under ages 18 years, informed consents were obtained from their parents/ guardians. recognitionWe would like to acknowledge faculty of Ziauddin Hospital, North Campus for helping us during the study, stave for helping in data collection and all others who have given their input. 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