Polymer Profiles: An Overview

Polymer Profiles An Overview4.4. POLYMER PROFILESHydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC)Synonyms Cellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl radical ether functional kinRelease retardant, Coating purpose it exercisingd, film-former, suspending operator, change divisorive role, tab key ligature and viscosity increasing agent. pharmaceutical applicationHydroxypropylmethylcellulose is astray use in oral formulations. It is employ in contain solving of 2-20 % w/w in tablet coating of tablets. In aqueous coating low viscosity grades of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in aqueous coating final result utilise while higher viscosity grades are used with constitutive(a) solvents. It is likewise used as a suspending and thickening agent in topical formulations.CARBOPOLSynonyms Acritamer acrylic biting polymer Carbopol carboxy polymethylene, polyacrylic acid carboxyvinyl polymer Pemulen UltrezSolubility Carbopol is soluble in body of water, alcohol and glycerin.Functional syndicate Bio adhesive , emulsifying agent, release- modifying agent, Suspending agent, tablet binder, viscosity-increasing agent. pharmaceutical Applications In tablet formulations, Carbomer are used as dry or wet binders and as a rate controlling Excepient. In wet granulation processes, water or an alcoholwater blend is used as the granulating fluid. anhydrous organic solvents have also been used, with the inclusion of a polymeric binder. The tackiness of the wet mass can be reduced with the addition of accepted cationic species to the granulating fluid.POLYMETHACRYLATESDescription Polymethacrylates are synthetic cationic and anionic polymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates, methacrylic acid, and methacrylic acid esters in varying ratios. Several different types are commercially ready(prenominal) and may be obtained as the dry powder, as an aqueous dispersion, or as an organic root.Functional Category Film former,tablet binder,enteric coating polymer put back 1.8. Solubility and Applications in pharmaceutic Formulation or Technology roleSupply formRecommended solventsSolubility/ permeabilityApplicationsEudragit RL100GranulesAcetone, AlcoholsHigh permeability keep up releaseEudragit RS 100GranulesAcetone, AlcoholsLow permeabilitySustained releaseEudragit RS POPowderAcetone, AlcoholsLow permeabilitySustained releaseGLYCERYL BEHENATESynonyms Compritol 888 ATO 2,3-dihydroxypropyldocosanoate docosanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester glycerol behenate glyceryl monobehenate tribehenin.Functional Category Coating agent tablet binder tablet and condensate lubricant.Pharmaceutical Applications In pharmaceutical formulations, glyceryl behenate is mainly used as a tablet and capsulize lubricant and as a lipidic coating Excepient. It has been investigated for use in the preparation of sustained release tablets, and as a matrix- forming agent for the controlled release of water-soluble drugs.SODIUM ALGINATESynonyms Algin alginic acid, sodium salt Kelcosol Keltone Protanal sodium poly mannuronate.Functional Category Stabilizing agent Suspending agenttablet and enwrap Disintegrant tablet binder viscosity-increasing agent.Pharmaceutical Applications In tablet formulations, sodium alginate may be used as both a binder and Disintegrant It has been used as a diluent in capsule formulations. Sodium alginate has also been used in the preparation of sustained-release oral formulations since it can delay the breakup of a drug from tablets, capsules, and aqueous suspensions.CHITOSAN Synonyms 2-Amino-2-deoxy-(1,4)--D-glucopyranan,deacetylatedchitin,Chemical Name Poly--(1, 4)-2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose.Functional Category Coating agent, film-forming agent, Mucoadhesive tablet binder and viscosity-increasing agent.Applications It is used as a cistron of sustained release superman form mucoadhesive dosage forms.XANTHAN GUMSynonyms corn whiskey sugar gum, Keltrol, Rhodigel, Vanzan NF, Xantural.Functional Category Stabilizing agent suspending agent viscosity-increasing agen t.Pharmaceutical Applications Used in cosmetic and foods as a suspending and stabilizing agent. Although to begin with used as a suspending agent, Xanthan gum has also been used to make water sustained-release matrix tablets.GUAR GUMSynonyms Galactosol gaurflour jaguar gum meprogat meyprodor.Chemical fix Galactomannan polysaccharide.Functional Category Suspending agent, Tablet binder, Tablet disintegrant,Viscosity increasing agent.Applications in Pharmaceutical Technology Used in solid dosage forms as a binder (up to 10%) and disintegrant. Used in oral and topical products as a suspending, thickening (up to 2.5%) and stabilizing agent (1%).Used in colon targeted drug delivery systems. Also, used in cosmetic and food products. POLY vinyl PYRROLIDINE (PVP)SynonymsKollidonPlasdonepoly1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene polyvidonepolyvinylpyrrolidone PVP 1-vinyl-2- pyrrolidine polymer.Functional Category Disintegrant dissolution aid suspending agent tablet binder.Pharmaceutical Applica tions Primarily used in solid-dosage form. In tableting, Povidone solutions are used as binders in wet-granulation processes. Povidone is also added to powder blends in the dry form and granulate in situ by the addition of water, alcohol, or hydro alcoholic solutions. Carrier for drugs 10-25% of solution is used and in case of tablet binder, coating agent it is used in 0.5-5%.TALCSynonyms Al powder hydrous atomic number 12 calcium silicate hydrous magnesium silicate Luzenac Luzenac Pharma magnesium hydrogen metasilicate Magsil Osmanthus Magsil Star powdered talc purified French chalk Purtalc soapstone steatite Superiore.Functional Category Anticaking agent Glidant tablet and capsule diluent tablet and capsule lubricant.Pharmaceutical Applications talcum powder was once astray used in oral solid dosage formulations as a lubricant and diluent, although today it is less commonly used. However, it is widely used as a dissolution retardant in the tuition of controlled- release product .AEROSIL (COLLOIDAL SILICON DIOXIDE)Synonyms colloidal silica fumed silica aerial anhydrous silicic acid silicic anhydride silicon dioxide fumed.Functional Category Adsorbent Anticaking agent emulsion stabilizer Glidant suspending agent tablet Disintegrant thermal stabilizer viscosity-increasing agent.Pharmaceutical Applications Its small particle size and large specific surface welkin give it desirable menses characteristics that are exploited to improve the flow properties of dry powders in a number of processes such as tableting. Colloidal silicon dioxide is also used as a tablet Disintegrant and as an adsorbent dispersing agent for liquids in powders. used to stabilize emulsions and as a thixotropic thickening and suspending agent in gels and semisolid preparationsMAGNESIUM STEARATESynonyms Metallic stearate, atomic number 12 salt.Functional Category Tablet and capsule lubricant, Glidant, Anti-Adherent.Pharmaceutical Applications Tablet and capsule lubricant, Glidant, Anti-Ad herent.MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (MCC)Synonyms Avicel PH Celex cellulose gel Celphere Ceolus KG crystalline cellulose E460 Emcocel Ethispheres Fibrocel Pharmacel Tabulose Vivapur.Functional Category Adsorbent suspending agent tablet and capsule diluent tablet disintegrant.Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or TechnologyMicrocrystalline cellulose is widely used in pharmaceuticals, primarily as a binder/diluent in oral tablet and capsule formulations where it is used in both wet-granulation and pick out compression processes. In addition to its use as a binder/diluent, microcrystalline cellulose also has some lubricant and disintegrant properties that make it useful in tableting.